China’s 2D chip breakthrough and analogue AI chip could be 1,000 times faster than Nvidia GPU
2D semiconductor wafers are now at the center of intensifying global research efforts. Rather than simply shrinking silicon further, scientists are exploring entirely new material platforms to overcome fundamental physical limits. Among the most promising are two-dimensional semiconductors, whose atomically thin structure enables superior electrostatic control, lower leakage currents, and significantly improved energy efficiency. These advantages position large-scale 2D semiconductor wafers as strong candidates to power the next generation of high-performance chips beyond traditional silicon technology. Two-dimensional, or 2D, materials are crystals only a few atoms thick. This ultra-thin structure gives them unique electrical properties that differ dramatically from bulk materials. One of the most promising examples is molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂). Unlike graphene, which lacks a natural bandgap, MoS₂ has an intrinsic bandgap suitable for transistor applications. It also offers high...